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Zucchetto
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The small, round skullcap of the ecclesiastic.
The official name is pileolus; other designations are: berettino,
calotte, subbiretum (because worn under the biretta), submitrale
(because worn under the mitre), soli-deo. The pope's zucchetto is
white, that of the cardinals red,. The pileolus of the bishops is
violet, that of other ecclesiastics, including the prelates, unless
a special privilege to wear violet is granted, black.
Bishops
and cardinals wear it at Mass, except during the Canon; other ecclesiastics
may not wear it at Mass without special papal permission. However,
according to a decision of the Sacred Congregation of Rites (23
September, 1837), a bishop also may not wear it while giving Benediction.
It cannot be said positively when the zucchetto became customary,
but it was probably not before the thirteenth century.
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